exocortex

Build one

Bill of materials

Start with a bench order of two tile pairs, not a whole helmet: two tiles prove the contacts, the noise and the board stack before you buy sixteen. Print the shell in parallel.

Prices are research figures from October 2026, not quotes. Nothing has been ordered yet. Check stock before you buy.

What it costs

Bench order, 2 tile pairs$1,550–1,850cash out before bare-board fabrication
Tile parts + assembly, full helmet≈ $3,20016 tiles at ≈ $200 a pair
Ball-pins, full helmet$300–1,0001,046 pins, unquoted
Shell≈ $20428 g PETG
itemestimatebasis
Electronic parts, 2 tile pairs≈ $373 (MCP6V31) / ≈ $304 (OPA391)≈ $186.50 / $151.80 per tile pair at JLC library prices
JLC PCBA fees≈ $280setup, stencils, about 20 extended part types, joints, handling, consignment
Bare boards, 6-layer 1.0 mm ENIGquote neededEXO-420 standard; EXO-410 HDI has no published price
PAT9125EL optical sensors, MOQ 125≈ $705 (8 used)WPG Americas $5.64; the rest covers a helmet and spares
Ball-pins, ≈ 130 prototype≈ $130–390 + setup$1–3 a pin for a prototype lot
Screws, spacers, FPCs, PETG, epoxy≈ $60–90retail packs
Total cash out, before board fabrication≈ $1,550–1,850the sensor MOQ is the largest single line

In order

  1. Settle the open decisionsFPC pinout reversal safety, op-amp choice, the LDO's height in the board gap, panelization. Two of them change copper, so they come before the board order.
  2. Finish EXO-410 routing, then quote both boards6-layer 1.0 mm ENIG at JLCPCB. EXO-410 needs HDI (blind laser vias) and via-in-pad. Panelize 2 × 2: each board is 44.2 mm, under the 70 mm Standard PCBA minimum.
  3. Consign the optical sensorsPAT9125EL-TKMT isn't stocked at LCSC. Buy from WPG Americas (MOQ 125) and consign 8 to JLC.
  4. Source the op-ampsMCP6V31UT-E/LT through JLC Global Sourcing, or switch to OPA391DCKR (same pinout, stocked).
  5. Quote the ball-pinsA bench lot is about 130 pins. The six lengths differ only in the barrel.
  6. Buy the mechanical hardwareScrews, spacers, FPC jumpers and PETG (Order D below).
  7. Print and assemble the shell34.7 h of printing, 428 g PETG.
  8. Bring up two tiles on the benchWithout the hub a tile needs 3.6 V, a 2.048 MHz clock, SYNC and a 3 Mbaud UART on its FPC: a small breakout, a Pico or FTDI cable and a bench supply.
  9. Lay out the hubLand patterns, a 72 × 56 mm 4-layer outline, placement and routing. Then the 16-tile order.

Order A · Boards and assembly (JLCPCB)

Gerbers, BOM and pick-and-place files for each board are on the plans page.

EXO-410 contact boardEXO-420 controller board
size, layers44.2 mm chamfered square, 6 layers, 1.0 mmsame outline, 6 layers, 1.0 mm
finishENIG; nut pads Ø4.2ENIG
vias0.25/0.15 through (via-in-pad, filled); blind laser 0.225/0.075 bottom → In4 under the ADS131M08s0.3/0.2 through
trace / space0.09 / 0.09 mm0.1 / 0.1 mm
assemblyboth sides, 0201 parts; panelize 2 × 2 with rails and fiducialsboth sides
statusrouting in progress: best run has 4 open nets, no shortsready

EXO-410 contact board

valuedesignatorsfootprintLCSCMPNper tile2 tiles16 tiles
100k 1%RA1,RB1,RA2 … (120)R 0201 0603MetricC106224RC0201FR-07100KL1202401920
MCP6V31UT-E/LTU1,U2,U3 … (62)SC70-5C623527MCP6V31UT-E/LT62124992
M1.6 SMT nutJ1,J2,J3 … (60)SMT Nut M1.6 Hex3.18 Pad4.2C2928168SMTSO1615MTJ60120960
1uF X5R 10VCC1,CC2,CC3 … (60)C 0201 0603MetricC2846675FH 0201 1uF 10V X5R60120960
2.2M 1%RH1,RH2,RH3 … (60)R 0201 0603MetricC474576RC0201FR-072M2L60120960
1uF X7R 10VCR1,CA1,CD1 … (17)C 0402 1005MetricC52923CL05A105KA5NQNC1734272
ADS131M08IRSNRUA1,UA2,UA3 … (8)TI RSN WQFN-32 4x4mm P0.4mm EP2.8mmC5124126ADS131M08IRSNR816128
220nF X7RCP1,CP2,CP3 … (8)C 0201 0603MetricC18164549CCTC 0201 220nF 10V X5R816128
100nF X7RCF1,CF2,CF3 … (8)C 0201 0603MetricC22435929HRE 0201 100nF 16V X7R816128
100nFCUB1,CUB2,CSB1 … (6)C 0201 0603MetricC22435929HRE 0201 100nF 16V X7R61296
DF40C-10DS-0.4V(51)J200,J201,J202 … (4)Hirose DF40C-10DS-0.4VC424636DF40C-10DS-0.4V(51)4864
PAT9125EL-TKMTUS1,US2,US3 … (4)PixArt PAT9125EL LGA-8consignedPAT9125EL-TKMT4864
4.7uF X5R 6.3VCSA1,CSA2,CSA3 … (4)C 0402 1005MetricC380302CCTC 0402 4.7uF 6.3V X5R4864
100k 0.1%RRA,RRBR 0402 1005MetricC852472RT0402BRD07100KL2432
SN74LVC1G17DCKRUB1,UB2SC70-5C10425SN74LVC1G17DCKR2432
4.7uF X5R 10VCL1,CL2C 0603 1608MetricC19666CL10A475KO8NNNC2432
2.2M 1%RR2R 0402 1005MetricC114900402WGF2204TCE1216
TPS7A2033PDBVRUL1SOT-23-5C2862740TPS7A2033PDBVR1216
3.3kRSDIOR 0402 1005MetricC258900402WGF3301TCE1216
10uF X5R 10VCBULKC 0603 1608MetricC19702CL10A106KP8NNNC1216
10kRMOTR 0402 1005MetricC257440402WGF1002TCE1216

MCP6V31UT-E/LT has only a handful at LCSC: order through Global Sourcing or switch to OPA391DCKR (C2871876). For a full helmet, the DF40 receptacle and the M1.6 nuts need more stock than JLC holds today.

EXO-420 controller board

valuedesignatorsfootprintLCSCMPNper tile2 tiles16 tiles
100nFCF1,CM1,CM2 … (8)C 0402 1005MetricC1525CL05B104KO5NNNC816128
DF40C-10DP-0.4V(51)J210,J211,J212 … (4)Hirose DF40C-10DP-0.4VC424635DF40C-10DP-0.4V(51)4864
4.7uF X5R 10VCL3,CL4C 0603 1608MetricC19666CL10A475KO8NNNC2432
15pF C0GCX1,CX2C 0402 1005MetricC15480402CG150J500NT2432
1uFCM7,CM9C 0402 1005MetricC52923CL05A105KA5NQNC2432
TPS7A2033PDBVRUL2SOT-23-5C2862740TPS7A2033PDBVR1216
RP2040UM1RP2040 QFN-56 7x7mm P0.4mm EP3.2mmC2040RP20401216
W25Q16JVSNIQUF1SOIC-8 3.9x4.9mm P1.27mmC2456211W25Q16JVSNIQ1216
X322512MSB4SIY1Crystal SMD 3225-4Pin 3.2x2.5mmC9002X322512MSB4SI1216
1kRX1R 0402 1005MetricC117020402WGF1001TCE1216
10kRRUNR 0402 1005MetricC257440402WGF1002TCE1216
HC-FPC-05-10-12RLTAGJ100HCTL FPC 12P P0.5mmC5213732HC-FPC-05-10-12RLTAG1216

Order B · Consigned and globally sourced

part2 tiles / helmetsourcepricenote
PAT9125EL-TKMT laser optical sensor8 / 64WPG Americas≈ $5.64, MOQ 125consign to JLC
MCP6V31UT-E/LT op-amp124 / 992JLC Global Sourcing≈ $1.20–1.45or OPA391DCKR at JLC, $0.89

Order C · Ball-pins (custom)

partlengthper helmetorder qtybarrelCAD
EXO-50757.5 mm1902072.35 mmSTEP
EXO-50858.5 mm3343623.35 mmSTEP
EXO-50959.5 mm2843084.35 mmSTEP
EXO-510510.5 mm1131245.35 mmSTEP
EXO-511511.5 mm35396.35 mmSTEP
EXO-512512.5 mm467.35 mmSTEP

M1.6x0.35, hex 2.5 A/F, Ø2.0 barrel, Ø1.3 plunger, Ø3.0 ball, 1.5 travel, brass, Au over Ni. The bench tiles can all use one length (EXO-5095), since they don't sit in the shell.

Order D · Hardware and cables

itemper helmet2-tile benchnote
M1.6 × 8 ISO 1207 slotted cheese head, A2486Ø3.0 head: an M2 head would short the nut pads
Nylon spacer Ø4 × 1.5 mm, 2.2 bore486between the boards at each screw
M2 × 6 ISO 7380 button head (hub)4—
M2 × 3 heat-set insert + M2 × 5 button head4 + 4—battery cover
12-pin 0.5 mm FPC jumper16 (1 × 80 mm, 2 × 150 mm, 3 × 200 mm, 2 × 250 mm, 3 × 300 mm, 4 × 350 mm, 1 × 400 mm)2lengths include 40 mm slack
LiPo pouch ≈ 4000 mAh, ≈ 60 × 50 × 8 mm1—hub battery
PETG 1.75 mm, 1 kg1—428 g used
Slow epoxy, Kapton tape, 1 mm foam pad1 each—seams, cables, battery
M1.6 tap + Ø1.3 drill, M2 tap, slotted drivertoolstools

The shell

Ender-3 V3 SE, PETG, 0.4 mm nozzle, 0.2 mm layers, 6 walls, 5 top and bottom layers, 20 % infill, 240/80 °C, brim. The STLs are already in print orientation.

partwhatorientationsupportstimePETGfiles
EXO-140Crownsplit plane on the bedtree, roof + standoff tips12.3 h153 gSTL · STEP
EXO-141Band, frontupside down on the split planenone4.5 h73 gSTL · STEP
EXO-142Band, back + hub podupside down on the split planetree, under the pod15.4 h183 gSTL · STEP
EXO-143Splice tabs (20)flatnone2.0 h10 gSTL · STEP
EXO-144Battery coverflatnone0.5 h9 gSTL · STEP
total34.7 h428 g

Assembly

  1. Remove supports and check every standoff face is flat: it is the board datum.
  2. Tap the 48 tile pilots M1.6 and the 4 hub pilots M2, 5–6 mm deep. Heat-set the 4 battery-cover inserts.
  3. Glue the front band to the back band with the band tabs, then the crown with the ring tabs. Dry-fit first.
  4. On the bench: screw the ball-pins into each contact board's nuts, mate the two boards on their four DF40 pairs, plug the FPC in.
  5. Mount the hub first, from inside, on its four standoffs.
  6. Mount the tiles from the crown down: FPC out through the tile's slot, a spacer at each hole, M1.6 × 8 from the scalp side between the pins. Snug only.
  7. Lay each FPC in its channel, tape every 40 mm or so, over the pod wall and down into the hub.
  8. Battery lead into the hub, pouch on a foam pad, cover on. Liner, beanie and retention dial last.

The hub (EXO-430)

Circuit and BOM only so far: no land patterns, outline or routing. Parts come to about $33 a board at JLC library prices.

valuedesignatorsfootprintLCSCqtyext
FT2232HL-REELUU1LQFP-64 10x10mm P0.5mmC278821$7.80
LMK1C1108PWRUC1,UC2TSSOP-16 4.4x5mm P0.65mmC28682412$4.22
TPS2553DBVR-1UP1,UP2,UP3,UP4,UP5,UP6,UP7,UP8,UP9,UP10…SOT-23-6C11173816$3.84
ESP32-S3-MINI-1-N8UW1ESP32-S3-MINI-1C29132061$3.37
RP2350BUM1,UM2RP2350B QFN-80 10x10mm P0.4mm (to draw)C424156552$2.28
W25Q16JVSNIQUF1,UF2SOIC-8 3.9x4.9mm P1.27mmC1310252$1.68
MAX17048G+T10UFGDFN-8-1EP 2x2mm P0.5mm EP0.8x1.6mmC26826161$1.50
HC-FPC-05-10-12RLTAGJ1,J2,J3,J4,J5,J6,J7,J8,J9,J10,J11,J12,J…HCTL FPC 12P P0.5mmC521373216$1.42
BQ25895RTWRUCHWQFN-24-1EP 4x4mm P0.5mm EP2.7x2.7mm (check RTW)C802001$1.38
TPS63020DSJRUB1,UB2Texas DSJ VSON-14-1EP 3x4mm P0.5mm (check)C154832$1.18
TLV333IDCKRUA1,UA2,UA3SC70-5C1815023$0.72
SN74LVC244APWRUS1,US2TSSOP-20 4.4x6.5mm P0.65mmC76682$0.40
22uF X5R 10VCSY1,CSY2,CBA,CBI1,CBO10,CBO11,CBO12,CBI…C 0805 2012Metric12$0.36
2.048MHzUO1Oscillator SMD Abracon ASE-4Pin 3.2x2.5mmC28313861$0.32
93LC56BT-I/OTUE1SOT-23-6C1902711$0.28
S3B-PH-SM4-TB(LF)(SN)J21JST PH S3B-PH-SM4-TB 1x03-1MP P2.00mm HorizontalC2651011$0.21
X322512MSB4SIY1,Y2,Y3Crystal SMD 3225-4Pin 3.2x2.5mmC90023$0.20
WPN4020H1R5MTLB1,LB2L Sunlord WPN4020HC983602$0.19
100nFCPI1,CPI2,CPI3,CPI4,CPI5,CPI6,CPI7,CPI8,…C 0402 1005Metric58$0.17
SM04B-SRSS-TB(LF)(SN)J22JST SH SM04B-SRSS-TB 1x04-1MP P1.00mm HorizontalC1604041$0.17
TPS7A2033PDBVRUL3SOT-23-5C28627401$0.14
MPL2016S3R3MHTLV1,LV2L 0806 2016MetricC983362$0.13
TYPE-C-31-M-12J20USB C Receptacle HRO TYPE-C-31-M-12C1659481$0.13
USBLC6-2SC6UD1SOT-23-6C75191$0.12
FXL0530-2R2-MLCHL cjiang FXL0530C1772471$0.12
4.7uF X5R 10VCL5,CL6,CVI1,CVO1,CVI2,CVO2,CFB1,CFB2,CV…C 0603 1608Metric10$0.10
M1.6 SMT nut (REF contact)J30SMT Nut M1.6 Hex3.18 Pad4.2C29281681$0.07
M1.6 SMT nut (BIAS contact)J31SMT Nut M1.6 Hex3.18 Pad4.2C29281681$0.07
8205AQPRTSSOP-8 4.4x3mm P0.65mmC51486941$0.07
33RRCK1,RSY1,RCK2,RSY2,RCK3,RSY3,RCK4,RSY4,…R 0402 1005Metric34$0.07
10kRRF1,RRF2,RRF3,RRF4,RRF5,RRF6,RRF7,RRF8,…R 0402 1005Metric33$0.07
100RRRX1,RTX1,RRX2,RTX2,RRX3,RTX3,RRX4,RTX4,…R 0402 1005Metric33$0.07
SN74LVC1G17DCKRUC3SC70-5C104251$0.06
DW01AUPRSOT-23-6C3514101$0.05
100kREN1,REN2,REN3,REN4,REN5,REN6,REN7,REN8,…R 0402 1005Metric24$0.05
1uF X7R 10VCPO1,CPO2,CPO3,CPO4,CPO5,CPO6,CPO7,CPO8,…C 0402 1005Metric16$0.05
KT-0603GD1,D2,D3,D4LED 0603 1608MetricC126244$0.04
180k 1%RIL1,RIL2,RIL3,RIL4,RIL5,RIL6,RIL7,RIL8,…R 0402 1005Metric16$0.03
10uF X5R 25VCPMC 0805 2012Metric1$0.03
powerSW1SW SPST TS-1187AC3188841$0.02
600R@100MHzFB1,FB2L 0402 1005MetricC768912$0.02
15pF C0GCX11,CX12,CX21,CX22,CX31,CX32C 0402 1005Metric6$0.02
2N7002QILSOT-23C85451$0.02
1kRSP1,RX1,RLD1,RX2,RLD2,RPR2,RLWR 0402 1005Metric7$0.01
10uF X5R 10VCV1C 0603 1608Metric1$0.01
1uF X7R 25VCVBC 0603 1608Metric1$0.01
100k 0.1%RRA,RRB,RBA,RBBR 0402 1005Metric4$0.01
22RRSA,RSB,RSMR 0402 1005Metric3$0.01
4.7uF X5RCVA1,CVA2C 0402 1005Metric2$0.01
100k 1%RV1,RV2R 0402 1005Metric2$0.00
5.1k 1%RCC1,RCC2R 0402 1005Metric2$0.00
4.7kRSCL,RSDAR 0402 1005Metric2$0.00
1uF X7RCSPC 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
1nF C0GCDIC 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
47nFCBTC 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
1uFCWEC 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
1MRSP2R 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
390kRDIR 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
2.2kREE1R 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
12k 1%RFRR 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
180R 1%RILMR 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
5.23k 1%RT1R 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
30.1k 1%RT2R 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
2kRSTR 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
620kRF11R 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
560kRF21R 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
47kRIL1R 0402 1005Metric1$0.00
0RRPGHR 0402 1005Metric1$0.00

Open decisions

decisionoptionsrecommendationchanges copper?
FPC pinout isn't reversal-safeSupply on pins 1–2 and ground on 11–12: a flipped cable shorts the hub supplymake the pinout symmetricyes
Op-ampMCP6V31U via Global Sourcing (lowest noise) or OPA391DCKR at JLC (stocked)MCP6V31U for the bench orderno
LDO height in the 1.5 mm board gapTPS7A2033PDBVR is 1.45 mm max: 0.05 mm marginthe 0.4 mm X2SON-4 packageyes
Panelizationboards are under the 70 mm Standard PCBA minimum2 × 2 panel with rails and fiducialsno
HDI for EXO-410blind vias are the only way out of the 0.4 mm QFN pins between the nut holesaccept HDIalready routed that way

Still needs a bench: contact impedance and noise on a real head, motion artefacts, pin force and comfort, leakage and fault injection, clock skew over 16 cables, thermal, EMC, gold pin on a tin-plated nut, USB isolation while worn.